update start-mon.sh
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Monitor_Mode.md
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Monitor_Mode.md
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## Monitor Mode
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Purpose: Provide information and tools for testing and using monitor mode.
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Monitor mode, or RFMON (Radio Frequency MONitor) mode, allows a computer with a
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wireless network interface controller (WNIC) to monitor all traffic received on
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a wireless channel. Monitor mode allows packets to be captured without having to
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associate with an access point or ad hoc network first. Monitor mode only
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applies to wireless networks, while promiscuous mode can be used on both wired
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and wireless networks. Monitor mode is one of the eight modes that 802.11
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wireless cards and adapters can operate in: Master (acting as an access point),
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Managed (client, also known as station), Ad hoc, Repeater, Mesh, Wi-Fi Direct,
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TDLS and Monitor mode.
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Note: This document and the start-mon.sh script have been tested on the following:
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```
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Kali Linux
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Raspberry Pi OS
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Linux Mint
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Ubuntu
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```
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-----
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## Steps to test monitor mode
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#### Update system
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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```
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sudo apt full-upgrade
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```
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-----
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#### Ensure WiFi radio is not blocked
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```
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sudo rfkill unblock wlan
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```
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-----
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#### Install the aircrack-ng and wireshark packages
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```
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sudo apt install aircrack-ng wireshark
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```
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-----
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#### Check wifi interface information
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```
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iw dev
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```
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-----
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#### Information
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The wifi interface name ```wlan0``` is used in this document but you will need
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to substitute the name of your wifi interface while using this document.
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-----
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#### Disable interfering processes
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Option 1
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```
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sudo airmon-ng check kill
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```
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Option 2, another way that works for me on Linux Mint:
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Note: I use multiple wifi adapters in my systems and I need to stay connected
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to the internet while testing. This option works well for me and allows
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me to stay connected by allowing Network Manager to continue managing interfaces
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that are not marked as unmanaged.
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Ensure Network Manager doesn't cause problems
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```
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sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
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```
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add
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```
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[keyfile]
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unmanaged-devices=interface-name:<wlan0>;interface-name:wlan0mon
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```
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Note: The above tells Network Manager to leave the specified interfaces alone.
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Remember to replace ```<wlan0>``` with the name of the wifi interface that you
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intend to use in monitor mode.
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```
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sudo reboot
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```
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-----
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#### Change to monitor mode
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Option 1
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Note: This option may not work with some driver/adapter combinations. If not,
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press on with ```start-mon.sh``` or option 2.
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```
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sudo airmon-ng start <wlan0>
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```
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Note: I have provided a script called ```start-mon.sh``` to automate most
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of the following option. Please give it a try and make suggestions to improve it.
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```
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Usage: $ sudo ./start-mon.sh <wlan0>
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```
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Option 2
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Check the wifi interface name and mode
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```
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iw dev
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```
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Take the interface down
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```
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sudo ip link set <wlan0> down
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```
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Set monitor mode
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```
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sudo iw <wlan0> set monitor control
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```
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Bring the interface up
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```
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sudo ip link set <wlan0> up
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```
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Verify the mode has changed
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```
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iw dev
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```
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-----
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### Test injection
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Option for 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --band ag
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```
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Option for 5 GHz only
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --band a
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```
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Option for 2.4 GHz only
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --band g
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```
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Set the channel of your choice
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```
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sudo iw dev <wlan0> set channel <channel> [NOHT|HT20]
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```
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```
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sudo aireplay-ng --test <wlan0>
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```
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-----
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### Test deauth
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Option for 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --band ag
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```
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Option for 5 GHz only
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --band a
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```
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Option for 2.4 GHz only
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --band g
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```
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```
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sudo airodump-ng <wlan0> --bssid <routerMAC> --channel <channel of router>
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```
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Option for 5 GHz:
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```
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sudo aireplay-ng --deauth 0 -c <deviceMAC> -a <routerMAC> <wlan0> -D
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```
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Option for 2.4 GHz:
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```
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sudo aireplay-ng --deauth 0 -c <deviceMAC> -a <routerMAC> <wlan0>
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```
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-----
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### Revert to Managed Mode
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Check the wifi interface name and mode
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```
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iw dev
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```
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Take the wifi interface down
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```
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sudo ip link set <wlan0> down
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```
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Set managed mode
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```
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sudo iw <wlan0> set type managed
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```
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Bring the wifi interface up
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```
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sudo ip link set <wlan0> up
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```
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Verify the wifi interface name and mode has changed
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```
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iw dev
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```
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-----
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### Change the MAC Address before entering Monitor Mode
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Check the wifi interface name, MAC address and mode
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```
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iw dev
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```
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Take the wifi interface down
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```
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sudo ip link set dev <wlan0> down
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```
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Change the MAC address
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```
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sudo ip link set dev <wlan0> address <new mac address>
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```
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Set monitor mode
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```
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sudo iw <wlan0> set monitor control
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```
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Bring the wifi interface up
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```
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sudo ip link set dev <wlan0> up
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```
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Verify the wifi interface name, MAC address and mode has changed
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```
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iw dev
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```
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-----
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### Change txpower
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```
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sudo iw dev <wlan0> set txpower fixed 1600
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```
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Note: 1600 = 16 dBm
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-----
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### airodump-ng can receive and interpret key strokes while running.
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```
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The following list describes the currently assigned keys and supported actions:
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a
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Select active areas by cycling through these display options:
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AP+STA; AP+STA+ACK; AP only; STA only
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d
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Reset sorting to defaults (Power)
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i
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Invert sorting algorithm
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m
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Mark the selected AP or cycle through different colors if the selected AP is
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already marked
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o
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Enable colored display of APs and their stations.
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p
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Disable colored display.
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q
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Quit program.
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r
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(De-)Activate realtime sorting -
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applies sorting algorithm every time the display will be redrawn
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s
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Change column to sort by, which currently includes:
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BSSID;
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PWR level;
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Beacons;
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Data packets;
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Packet rate;
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Channel;
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Max. data rate;
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Encryption;
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Strongest Ciphersuite;
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Strongest Authentication;
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ESSID
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```
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-----
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336
start-mon.sh
Executable file
336
start-mon.sh
Executable file
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#!/bin/bash
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SCRIPT_NAME="start-mon.sh"
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SCRIPT_VERSION="20211118"
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# Purpose: Start and test monitor mode on the provided wlan interface
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#
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# Usage: $ sudo ./start-mon.sh [interface:wlan0]
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#
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# Status: This script is a work in progress. Please feel free to help
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# make it better.
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#
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# Information:
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#
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# Some parts of this script require the installation of the following:
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# aircrack-ng
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# wireshark
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#
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# $ sudo apt install -y aircrack-ng wireshark
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#
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# Interfering processes must be disabled prior to running this script:
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#
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# Option 1
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#```
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# $ sudo airmon-ng check kill
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#```
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#
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# Option 2, another way that works for me on Linux Mint:
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#
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# Note: I use multiple wifi adapters in my systems and I need to stay
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# connected to the internet while testing. This option works well for
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# me and allows me to stay connected by allowing Network Manager to
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# continue managing interfaces that are not marked as unmanaged.
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#
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# Note: Tells Network Manager to leave the specified interfaces alone.
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#```
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# $ sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
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#```
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# add
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#```
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# [keyfile]
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# unmanaged-devices=interface-name:<wlan0>;interface-name:wlan0mon
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#```
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# Note: Option 2 may not be enough and needs testing.
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# Set color definitions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code)
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RED='\033[1;31m'
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YELLOW='\033[0;33;1m'
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GREEN='\033[1;32m'
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CYAN='\033[1;36m'
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NoColor='\033[0m'
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# Check that sudo was used to start the script
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if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]
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then
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echo "You must run this script with superuser (root) privileges."
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echo "Try: \"sudo ./${SCRIPT_NAME}\""
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exit 1
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fi
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# Assign default monitor mode interface name
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iface0mon='wlan0mon'
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# Activate option to set automatic or manual interface mode
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#
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# Option 1: if you only have one wlan interface (automatic detection)
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#iface0=`iw dev | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //'`
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#
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# Option 2: if you have more than one wlan interface (default wlan0)
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iface0=${1:-wlan0}
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# Set iface0 down
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ip link set $iface0 down
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# Check if iface0 exists and continue if true
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]
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then
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# Display interface settings
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clear
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echo -e "${GREEN}"
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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echo -e " ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
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echo
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echo ' WiFi Interface:'
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echo ' '$iface0
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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# iface_name=$(iw $iface0 info | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
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# echo ' name - ' $iface_name
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# iface_type=$(iw $iface0 info | grep 'type' | sed 's/type //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
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# echo ' type - ' $iface_type
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iface_addr=$(iw $iface0 info | grep 'addr' | sed 's/addr //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
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echo ' addr - ' $iface_addr
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iface_state=$(ip addr show $iface0 | grep 'state' | sed 's/.*state \([^ ]*\)[ ]*.*/\1/')
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echo ' state - ' $iface_state
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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echo -e "${NoColor}"
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# Set addr
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read -p " Do you want to set a new addr? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
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if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
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then
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iface_addr_orig=$iface_addr
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echo
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read -p " What addr do you want? ( 12:34:56:78:90:ab ) " iface_addr
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# ip link set dev $iface0 up
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ip link set dev $iface0 address $iface_addr
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# ip link set dev $iface0 down
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fi
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# Rename the interface
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# echo
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# read -p " Do you want to rename $iface0 to wlan0mon? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
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# echo
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# if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
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# then
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ip link set $iface0 name $iface0mon
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# else
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# iface0mon=$iface0
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# fi
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# Set monitor mode
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# iw dev <devname> set monitor <flag>
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# Valid monitor flags are:
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# none: no special flags
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# fcsfail: show frames with FCS errors
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# control: show control frames
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# otherbss: show frames from other BSSes
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# cook: use cooked mode
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# active: use active mode (ACK incoming unicast packets)
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# mumimo-groupid <GROUP_ID>: use MUMIMO according to a group id
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# mumimo-follow-mac <MAC_ADDRESS>: use MUMIMO according to a MAC address
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iw dev $iface0mon set monitor control
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# Set iface0mon up
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ip link set $iface0mon up
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# Display interface settings
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clear
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echo -e "${GREEN}"
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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echo -e " ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
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echo
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echo ' WiFi Interface:'
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echo ' '$iface0
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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iface_name=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
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echo ' name - ' $iface_name
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iface_type=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'type' | sed 's/type //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
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echo ' type - ' $iface_type
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iface_addr=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'addr' | sed 's/addr //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
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echo ' addr - ' $iface_addr
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iface_state=$(ip addr show $iface0mon | grep 'state' | sed 's/.*state \([^ ]*\)[ ]*.*/\1/')
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echo ' state - ' $iface_state
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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echo -e "${NoColor}"
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# Run airodump-ng
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# airodump-ng will display a list of detected access points and clients
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# https://www.aircrack-ng.org/doku.php?id=airodump-ng
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# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression
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echo -e " airodump-ng can receive and interpret key strokes while running..."
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echo
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echo -e " a - select active area"
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echo -e " i - invert sorting order"
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echo -e " s - change sort column"
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echo -e " q - quit"
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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echo
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read -p " Do you want to run airodump-ng to display a list of detected access points and clients? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
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if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
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then
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# usage: airodump-ng <options> <interface>[,<interface>,...]
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#
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# -c <channels> : Capture on specific channels
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# -a : Filter unassociated clients
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# --ignore-negative-one : Removes the message that says fixed channel <interface>: -1
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# --essid-regex <regex> : Filter APs by ESSID using a regular expression
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#
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# Select option
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#
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# 1) shows hidden ESSIDs
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# airodump-ng -c 1-165 -a --ignore-negative-one $iface0mon
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#
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# 2) does not show hidden ESSIDs
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airodump-ng -c 1-165 -a --ignore-negative-one --essid-regex '^(?=.)^(?!.*CoxWiFi)' $iface0mon
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fi
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# Set channel
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# Default
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||||
chan=6
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||||
# read -p " Do you want to set the channel? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
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# if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
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# then
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# echo
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||||
read -p " What channel do you want to set? " chan
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||||
# fi
|
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# ip link set dev $iface0mon down
|
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# iw dev $iface0mon set channel $chan
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iw $iface0mon set channel $chan
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||||
# ip link set dev $iface0mon up
|
||||
# Display interface settings
|
||||
clear
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echo -e "${GREEN}"
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echo ' --------------------------------'
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||||
echo -e " ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
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||||
echo
|
||||
echo ' WiFi Interface:'
|
||||
echo ' '$iface0
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||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
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||||
iface_name=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' name - ' $iface_name
|
||||
iface_type=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'type' | sed 's/type //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' type - ' $iface_type
|
||||
iface_addr=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'addr' | sed 's/addr //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' addr - ' $iface_addr
|
||||
# bug - Realtek drivers don't show the right channel after it is set but the channel that was set does work
|
||||
iface_chan=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'channel' | sed 's/channel //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' chan - ' $chan
|
||||
iface_txpw=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'txpower' | sed 's/txpower //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' txpw - ' $iface_txpw
|
||||
iface_state=$(ip addr show $iface0mon | grep 'state' | sed 's/.*state \([^ ]*\)[ ]*.*/\1/')
|
||||
echo ' state - ' $iface_state
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e "${NoColor}"
|
||||
|
||||
# Set txpw
|
||||
read -p " Do you want to attempt to set the txpower? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
|
||||
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
|
||||
then
|
||||
echo
|
||||
read -p " What txpw setting do you want? ( 2300 = 23 dBm ) " iface_txpw
|
||||
# ip link set dev $iface0mon down
|
||||
# iw dev $iface0mon set txpower fixed $iface_txpw
|
||||
iw $iface0mon set txpower fixed $iface_txpw
|
||||
# ip link set dev $iface0mon up
|
||||
# Display interface settings
|
||||
clear
|
||||
echo -e "${GREEN}"
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e " ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
|
||||
echo
|
||||
echo ' WiFi Interface:'
|
||||
echo ' '$iface0
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
iface_name=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' name - ' $iface_name
|
||||
iface_type=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'type' | sed 's/type //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' type - ' $iface_type
|
||||
iface_addr=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'addr' | sed 's/addr //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' addr - ' $iface_addr
|
||||
# bug - Realtek drivers don't show the right channel after it is set but the channel that was set does work
|
||||
iface_chan=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'channel' | sed 's/channel //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' chan - ' $chan
|
||||
iface_txpw=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'txpower' | sed 's/txpower //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' txpw - ' $iface_txpw
|
||||
iface_state=$(ip addr show $iface0mon | grep 'state' | sed 's/.*state \([^ ]*\)[ ]*.*/\1/')
|
||||
echo ' state - ' $iface_state
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e "${NoColor}"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Test injection capability with aireplay-ng
|
||||
read -p " Do you want to test injection capability? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
|
||||
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
|
||||
then
|
||||
echo
|
||||
aireplay-ng --test $iface0mon
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Start wireshark
|
||||
read -p " Do you want to start Wireshark? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
|
||||
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
|
||||
then
|
||||
wireshark --interface wlan0mon
|
||||
# filter: wlan.fc.type_subtype == 29
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Return the adapter to original settings
|
||||
read -p " Do you want to return the adapter to original settings? [Y/n] " -n 1 -r
|
||||
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
|
||||
then
|
||||
# Display interface settings
|
||||
clear
|
||||
echo -e "${GREEN}"
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e " ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
|
||||
echo
|
||||
echo ' WiFi Interface:'
|
||||
echo ' '$iface0
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
iface_name=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' name - ' $iface_name
|
||||
iface_type=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'type' | sed 's/type //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' type - ' $iface_type
|
||||
iface_addr=$(iw $iface0mon info | grep 'addr' | sed 's/addr //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' addr - ' $iface_addr
|
||||
iface_state=$(ip addr show $iface0mon | grep 'state' | sed 's/.*state \([^ ]*\)[ ]*.*/\1/')
|
||||
echo ' state - ' $iface_state
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e "${NoColor}"
|
||||
else
|
||||
ip link set $iface0mon down
|
||||
ip link set $iface0mon name $iface0
|
||||
iw $iface0 set type managed
|
||||
ip link set dev $iface0 address $iface_addr_orig
|
||||
# ip link set $iface0 up
|
||||
# Display interface settings
|
||||
clear
|
||||
echo -e "${GREEN}"
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e " ${SCRIPT_NAME} ${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
|
||||
echo
|
||||
echo ' WiFi Interface:'
|
||||
echo ' '$iface0
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
iface_name=$(iw $iface0 info | grep 'Interface' | sed 's/Interface //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' name - ' $iface_name
|
||||
iface_type=$(iw $iface0 info | grep 'type' | sed 's/type //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' type - ' $iface_type
|
||||
iface_addr=$(iw $iface0 info | grep 'addr' | sed 's/addr //' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//')
|
||||
echo ' addr - ' $iface_addr
|
||||
iface_state=$(ip addr show $iface0 | grep 'state' | sed 's/.*state \([^ ]*\)[ ]*.*/\1/')
|
||||
echo ' state - ' $iface_state
|
||||
echo ' --------------------------------'
|
||||
echo -e "${NoColor}"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
exit 0
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo -e "${YELLOW}ERROR: Please provide an existing interface as parameter! ${NoColor}"
|
||||
echo -e "${NoColor}Usage: $ ${CYAN}sudo ./start-mon.sh [interface:wlan0] ${NoColor}"
|
||||
echo -e "${NoColor}Tip: $ ${CYAN}iw dev ${NoColor}(displays available interfaces)"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user